Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs)
We need to be aware of our responsibilities when operating near or within Sites of Special Scientific Interest (SSSIs). SSSIs are areas designated for their exceptional ecological or geological value and are protected under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. They exist across England, Scotland, and Wales, and while the core legal framework is UK-wide, each nation has its own regulatory body and specific procedures.
What are SSSIs?
SSSIs are among the UK’s most important conservation areas. They protect rare species, habitats, and geological features. Examples include ancient woodlands, wetlands, heathlands, and coastal marshes. These sites are vital for biodiversity and often overlap with other designations like Special Areas of Conservation (SACs), or Special Protection Areas (SPAs). Thanks to Victorian railway engineers blowing and digging their way through the British countryside in the 1800s, we have a large proportion of geological SSSIs as rock formations and fossils were uncovered.
Network Rail’s legal duties
As a public body, Network Rail is classified as a Section 28G authority under the Wildlife and Countryside Act 1981. This means we have a legal duty to take reasonable steps to conserve and enhance the special features of SSSIs in all our operations, whether we own the land, manage it, or are working nearby.
Before carrying out any activity that might affect an SSSI, you need to speak to your regional environmental experts. You may need to obtain special permission, known as assent, from the relevant statutory nature conservation body:
- Natural England in England
- NatureScot in Scotland
- Natural Resources Wales (NRW) in Wales
We can explain to these bodies what we are doing and they will assess whether proposed works can damage the site’s ecological or geological features. Consent may be granted with conditions or refused if the risk is too high.
Environmental Improvement Plan (EIP) in England
There are specific requirements in England that Network Rail needs to meet over the next few decades. Across the country, 75% of SSSIs need to be in favourable condition by 2042. An interim target relevant to Network Rail is the need to create the plans for the management of the sites… and importantly to act on those plans.
- By 31 January 2028, 50% of SSSIs need to have actions on track to achieve favourable condition
Why it matters
Failing to comply with SSSI regulations can result in enforcement action, fines, and reputational damage. But beyond legal compliance, managing SSSIs responsibly aligns with Network Rail’s environmental commitments. It supports national biodiversity goals and helps maintain public trust.
In summary, Network Rail must integrate SSSI awareness into its planning, operations, and decision-making – particularly through habitat management plans. By doing so, it ensures legal compliance, protects vital natural assets, and contributes to a more sustainable rail network.